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| 1 | <?php |
| 2 | |
| 3 | declare(strict_types=1); |
| 4 | |
| 5 | /** |
| 6 | * This file is part of php-fast-forward/http-message. |
| 7 | * |
| 8 | * This source file is subject to the license bundled |
| 9 | * with this source code in the file LICENSE. |
| 10 | * |
| 11 | * @link https://github.com/php-fast-forward/http-message |
| 12 | * @copyright Copyright (c) 2025 Felipe Sayão Lobato Abreu <github@mentordosnerds.com> |
| 13 | * @license https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT MIT License |
| 14 | */ |
| 15 | |
| 16 | namespace FastForward\Http\Message\Header; |
| 17 | |
| 18 | /** |
| 19 | * Enum Accept. |
| 20 | * |
| 21 | * Represents common HTTP Accept header values and provides robust helpers for |
| 22 | * content negotiation in accordance with RFC 2119 requirement levels. |
| 23 | * |
| 24 | * This enum MUST be used to ensure that Accept-type comparisons are performed |
| 25 | * consistently and predictably. Implementations interacting with this enum |
| 26 | * SHOULD rely on its parsing and negotiation logic to determine the most |
| 27 | * appropriate response format based on client preferences. |
| 28 | */ |
| 29 | enum Accept: string |
| 30 | { |
| 31 | // Common Types |
| 32 | case ApplicationJson = 'application/json'; |
| 33 | case ApplicationXml = 'application/xml'; |
| 34 | case TextHtml = 'text/html'; |
| 35 | case TextPlain = 'text/plain'; |
| 36 | |
| 37 | /** |
| 38 | * Determines the best matching content type from the client's Accept header. |
| 39 | * |
| 40 | * This method SHALL apply proper HTTP content negotiation rules, including: |
| 41 | * - Quality factors (q-values), which MUST be sorted in descending order. |
| 42 | * - Specificity preference, where more explicit types MUST be preferred over |
| 43 | * wildcard types when q-values are equal. |
| 44 | * |
| 45 | * If a match cannot be found in the list of supported server types, |
| 46 | * the method MUST return null. |
| 47 | * |
| 48 | * @param string $acceptHeader the raw HTTP Accept header value |
| 49 | * @param self[] $supportedTypes an array of enum cases the server supports |
| 50 | * |
| 51 | * @return null|self the best match, or null if no acceptable type exists |
| 52 | */ |
| 53 | public static function getBestMatch(string $acceptHeader, array $supportedTypes): ?self |
| 54 | { |
| 55 | $clientPreferences = self::parseHeader($acceptHeader); |
| 56 | |
| 57 | foreach ($clientPreferences as $preference) { |
| 58 | foreach ($supportedTypes as $supported) { |
| 59 | if (self::matches($preference['type'], $supported->value)) { |
| 60 | return $supported; |
| 61 | } |
| 62 | } |
| 63 | } |
| 64 | |
| 65 | return null; |
| 66 | } |
| 67 | |
| 68 | /** |
| 69 | * Parses the Accept header string into a sorted list of client preferences. |
| 70 | * |
| 71 | * This method MUST: |
| 72 | * - Extract MIME types from the header string. |
| 73 | * - Parse quality factors (q-values), defaulting to 1.0 when omitted. |
| 74 | * - Calculate specificity, which SHALL be used as a secondary sort criterion. |
| 75 | * - Sort results by descending q-value and descending specificity. |
| 76 | * |
| 77 | * The resulting array MUST represent the client’s explicit and wildcard |
| 78 | * preferences in the correct HTTP negotiation order. |
| 79 | * |
| 80 | * @param string $header the raw Accept header string |
| 81 | * |
| 82 | * @return array<int, array{type: string, q: float, specificity: int}> |
| 83 | */ |
| 84 | private static function parseHeader(string $header): array |
| 85 | { |
| 86 | $preferences = []; |
| 87 | |
| 88 | // Captures a type and optional q-value while ignoring other parameters. |
| 89 | $pattern = '/(?<type>[^,;]+)(?:;[^,]*q=(?<q>[0-9.]+))?/'; |
| 90 | |
| 91 | if (\preg_match_all($pattern, $header, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER)) { |
| 92 | foreach ($matches as $match) { |
| 93 | $type = \mb_trim($match['type']); |
| 94 | $q = isset($match['q']) && '' !== $match['q'] ? (float) $match['q'] : 1.0; |
| 95 | |
| 96 | $preferences[] = [ |
| 97 | 'type' => $type, |
| 98 | 'q' => $q, |
| 99 | 'specificity' => self::calculateSpecificity($type), |
| 100 | ]; |
| 101 | } |
| 102 | } |
| 103 | |
| 104 | \usort( |
| 105 | $preferences, |
| 106 | static function (array $a, array $b): int { |
| 107 | if ($a['q'] !== $b['q']) { |
| 108 | return $b['q'] <=> $a['q']; |
| 109 | } |
| 110 | |
| 111 | return $b['specificity'] <=> $a['specificity']; |
| 112 | } |
| 113 | ); |
| 114 | |
| 115 | return $preferences; |
| 116 | } |
| 117 | |
| 118 | /** |
| 119 | * Calculates the specificity of a MIME type. |
| 120 | * |
| 121 | * Specificity MUST be determined using the following criteria: |
| 122 | * - "* /*" → specificity 0 (least specific) |
| 123 | * - "type/*" → specificity 1 (partially specific) |
| 124 | * - "type/subtype" → specificity 2 (fully specific) |
| 125 | * |
| 126 | * This value SHALL be used to sort MIME types when q-values are equal. |
| 127 | * |
| 128 | * @param string $type the MIME type to evaluate |
| 129 | * |
| 130 | * @return int the calculated specificity score |
| 131 | */ |
| 132 | private static function calculateSpecificity(string $type): int |
| 133 | { |
| 134 | if ('*/*' === $type) { |
| 135 | return 0; |
| 136 | } |
| 137 | |
| 138 | if (\str_ends_with($type, '/*')) { |
| 139 | return 1; |
| 140 | } |
| 141 | |
| 142 | return 2; |
| 143 | } |
| 144 | |
| 145 | /** |
| 146 | * Determines whether a client-preferred type matches a server-supported type. |
| 147 | * |
| 148 | * This method MUST apply wildcard matching rules as defined in HTTP |
| 149 | * content negotiation: |
| 150 | * - "* /*" MUST match any type. |
| 151 | * - A full exact match MUST be treated as the highest priority. |
| 152 | * - A "type/*" wildcard MUST match any subtype within the given type. |
| 153 | * |
| 154 | * @param string $preference the MIME type from the client preference list |
| 155 | * @param string $supported the server-supported MIME type |
| 156 | * |
| 157 | * @return bool true if the supported type matches the preference |
| 158 | */ |
| 159 | private static function matches(string $preference, string $supported): bool |
| 160 | { |
| 161 | if ('*/*' === $preference || $preference === $supported) { |
| 162 | return true; |
| 163 | } |
| 164 | |
| 165 | if (\str_ends_with($preference, '/*')) { |
| 166 | $prefix = \strtok($preference, '/'); |
| 167 | if (\str_starts_with($supported, $prefix . '/')) { |
| 168 | return true; |
| 169 | } |
| 170 | } |
| 171 | |
| 172 | return false; |
| 173 | } |
| 174 | } |